Fascinating autism test for "theory of the mind" in children

So, this a psychological test typically used to screen/test for autistic traits in kids around age 5 in England apparently.

The way it works is as follows; the tester first establishes that the kid can tell which is the Sally doll and which is the Ann doll. Then, she creates a situation where Sally puts something in her basket and goes out to play; Naughty Ann comes along and moves it.

The tester establishes comprehension of the move by asking the child---where is the ball now? Well, it's in Ann's little hat box.

When Sally comes back, the child is asked; where would Sally look? A child whose psychology operates with a theory about other people's state of mind (Theory of Mind), will answer that the deceived and unknowing Sally will look in her basket and be surprised---after all, why isn't the ball where she expects it to be?

Someone on the autistic spectrum will answer with the "correct" while at the same time, wrong answer---they will say that Sally expects the ball to be in Ann's hat box---after all, like a self-evident physics answer or mathematically solved logical puzzle, it should be apparent that the ball has moved.

But of course, a regular old Sally would have no idea at all that the ball has moved; and our test subject will have displayed an inability to crawl inside Sally's presumed psychological state of thought and then display their understanding of that by telling the interviewer that.

Interesting stuff.
siftbotsays...

Self promoting this video and sending it back into the queue for one more try; last queued Thursday, February 19th, 2015 2:45pm PST - promote requested by original submitter SFOGuy.

gharksays...

wow I gotta say, I would have failed that - there are certain clues in sentences that let you figure out what the rest of the sentence is going to lead to, and when it started with "where will...." you are automatically assuming you need to find where something is - in this case the marble. Without paying very careful attention to every word (which the lady didn't enunciate very clearly) I think it's fair for the mind to start to think about where the marble is rather than where it was.

So a couple of things:
1. The lady should have simplified the whole story, and made it more fit for a boy (how many boys play with dolls called Sally?) She also should have setup the final question more clearly, i.e.

"When Jack comes home from school, the first thing he does is play marbles, he always keeps his marbles in his top draw.

One day Bob takes the marbles while Jack is at school

When Jack comes home, where is he going to look for the marbles?"

I think that is a lot more fair because the important, final question, starts by setting the scene in Jack's house, so your mind is picturing being in Jack's house and you're in Jack's shoes.

coolhundsays...

Makes me wonder if we have a lot of politicians and people who believe them, who are autistic, when they say "we didnt start the violence in the middle east and the massive amount of extremists there right after we used so much violence there and killed so many civilians there is just a coincidence".

ulysses1904says...

I've always said this "Sally-Anne" scenario doesn't just reveal something about the autistic mind. I see it in people every day, particularly as an IT tech. Some people just don't have an intrinsic understanding that others are not seeing the images in their head when they are describing something, using vague pronouns and ambiguous terms that make sense in their head. They are incapable of "reading my mind" to know that I can't read their mind.

They don't seem to understand that others were not in the room experiencing their computer problems along with them, and then act put out while I ask 20 questions to ask them to describe what the hell is going on. Usually with an impatient air of "why am I asking all of these redundant questions? "

And it has nothing to do with being computer literate, and everything to do with not recognizing that I don't share your perspective without some more info. I work with many techno-phobes who don't have to be coached like that.

BTW, repeating"I can't log in, it won't let me" has been used to describe countless scenarios, you might as well ask me to guess which card you just picked out of a deck.

robbersdog49says...

But isn't this rewriting it to remove what they're looking for? Personally I thought the story is very simple, with no unnecessary adornments and all the information to make the correct answer is given. If you spell it out too much then you're just showing that the kid can follow instructions, not testing how much they can figure out for themselves.

gharksaid:

wow I gotta say, I would have failed that - there are certain clues in sentences that let you figure out what the rest of the sentence is going to lead to, and when it started with "where will...." you are automatically assuming you need to find where something is - in this case the marble. Without paying very careful attention to every word (which the lady didn't enunciate very clearly) I think it's fair for the mind to start to think about where the marble is rather than where it was.

So a couple of things:
1. The lady should have simplified the whole story, and made it more fit for a boy (how many boys play with dolls called Sally?) She also should have setup the final question more clearly, i.e.

"When Jack comes home from school, the first thing he does is play marbles, he always keeps his marbles in his top draw.

One day Bob takes the marbles while Jack is at school

When Jack comes home, where is he going to look for the marbles?"

I think that is a lot more fair because the important, final question, starts by setting the scene in Jack's house, so your mind is picturing being in Jack's house and you're in Jack's shoes.

SquidCapsays...

Hmm, i don't know if it is that.. I see this all the time too (i tutor and do support to one 3D design software). Usually it is more about the person not knowing the right terms; they don't know what questions to ask or how to identify the problem, the steps that we "computer literate" know to do when we encounter a problem.

Fortunately we have screencaps, allthou often you need to teach them how to make them. I usually try to be thorough, even thou it means spending a lot of time explaining, trying to show them the way for them to solve the problem..

But then again, my "clients" are not totally illiterate which makes it a bit easier but then again, 3D design has very special concepts and terms you need to know; you just can't say "your UV mapping is screwed" when they hardly know what a vertex is.. So you have to explain the very basics of it to solve a problem that takes about a minute if they would send me their models.. I do make them all watch about an hour of videos and read few pages, very often they figure it out once they understand the logic and know the basic terms; they can use google to find it out then.. Teach a man to fish type of strategy.

But it's not that they have some mental defect, they just don't know how the freaking machine works, they have no other words to use but vague, totally gibberish. And they are afraid of using some term they are not 100% sure if it's the right one, a bit like talking a strange language.

ulysses1904said:

I've always said this "Sally-Anne" scenario doesn't just reveal something about the autistic mind. I see it in people every day, particularly as an IT tech. Some people just don't have an intrinsic understanding that others are not seeing the images in their head when they are describing something, using vague pronouns and ambiguous terms that make sense in their head. They are incapable of "reading my mind" to know that I can't read their mind.

They don't seem to understand that others were not in the room experiencing their computer problems along with them, and then act put out while I ask 20 questions to ask them to describe what the hell is going on. Usually with an impatient air of "why am I asking all of these redundant questions? "

And it has nothing to do with being computer literate, and everything to do with not recognizing that I don't share your perspective without some more info. I work with many techno-phobes who don't have to be coached like that.

BTW, repeating"I can't log in, it won't let me" has been used to describe countless scenarios, you might as well ask me to guess which card you just picked out of a deck.

ulysses1904says...

My comments just happened to use computer users as an example, as I see them every day. I specifically said I'm not referring to any lack of experience with computers, or any particular subject. I'm saying some people naturally get it and some people don't get it, when viewing things through others' perspectives.

Some people realize that if they just refer to "it", that is potentially ambiguous to someone who wasn't "there", and they realize that someone has a different perspective that doesn't match theirs, and they need to be clear and include more information.

Whereas other people who were "there" refer to "it" and see the object in their mind's eye, but don't seem to realize that "it" could refer to any number of things to someone who wasn't "there". And that's just one fucking pronoun in one fucking sentence.

And then you have to drag out the pertinent information with 20 questions. Nothing to do with computers or mental defects.

SquidCapsaid:

Hmm, i don't know if it is that.. I see this all the time too (i tutor and do support to one 3D design software). Usually it is more about the person not knowing the right terms; they don't know what questions to ask or how to identify the problem, the steps that we "computer literate" know to do when we encounter a problem.

Fortunately we have screencaps, allthou often you need to teach them how to make them. I usually try to be thorough, even thou it means spending a lot of time explaining, trying to show them the way for them to solve the problem..

But then again, my "clients" are not totally illiterate which makes it a bit easier but then again, 3D design has very special concepts and terms you need to know; you just can't say "your UV mapping is screwed" when they hardly know what a vertex is.. So you have to explain the very basics of it to solve a problem that takes about a minute if they would send me their models.. I do make them all watch about an hour of videos and read few pages, very often they figure it out once they understand the logic and know the basic terms; they can use google to find it out then.. Teach a man to fish type of strategy.

But it's not that they have some mental defect, they just don't know how the freaking machine works, they have no other words to use but vague, totally gibberish. And they are afraid of using some term they are not 100% sure if it's the right one, a bit like talking a strange language.

gharksays...

I mighta made it a bit easy in my example, but the idea I think is to ask the important question clearly, which I don't think happened in the vid, and to use an example a boy can relate to, rather than use dolls.

robbersdog49said:

But isn't this rewriting it to remove what they're looking for? Personally I thought the story is very simple, with no unnecessary adornments and all the information to make the correct answer is given. If you spell it out too much then you're just showing that the kid can follow instructions, not testing how much they can figure out for themselves.

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