Bill O'Reilly ALMOST makes sense, in that he is erring on the side of caution. Ann Coulter makes NO sense, as usual. All forms of radiation are harmful, because they cause damage to cells. Certainly low doses are acceptable, because the body repairs those damages automatically.

Radiation Therapy is useful, because it targets cancer cells, but it also does damage to normal healthy cells in the vicinity. That doesn't mean that we should go out and get irradiated to prevent cancer. It also doesn't mean that there is some special radiation (alpha, beta, or gamma) that only targets bacteria but isn't harmful to humans at all.

Radon is still the #2 leading cause of lung cancer (behind cigarette smoke). The levels of radon in a home are VERY dependent on what is underneath it in the ground. It is seemingly random (1 house can have a low level 2 and their neighbor be at level 12) - and these can vary over time. My point is that any extensive radon study would need too many data points to be valid (and such a study would be unfeasible). You can't give an "average" for a whole county and expect to show some correlation.

(A small addition that has a lot to do with the last part of the original Blog Post.)

The one I posted directly above has some small changes for easier reading. I still need to do a little idea storming at the end as I'm VERY unsure whether the forces at play would still hold the Universe together.

It's more likely that the "big rip" will win out, even over the weak and strong nuclear forces (which is a lot of energy considering that it just did it to the UNIVERSE! heh...

I also need to see, particularly under what conditions the Universe might start to be "swayed" by quantum fluctuations, the same you see at the beginning of the big bang, that had a lot to do with how matter and other non-baryonic (that 's the official way of saying, matter that isn't like the stuff we know: like Dark Matter) matter set up (when you look at the cosmic background radiation (CBR) map, the "hot vs. cold") topography wise; it's why the Universe isn't a smooth uniform (or symmetric) balanced energy place; which you would expect from a perfect explosion like the Big Bang, but the CBR shows that the explosion was far from being smooth and quite the opposite.

It's what gives us our galaxies and also where they're at. The question besides how gravity is related to the quantum mechanics realm; as we have NO theory (with a few hypotheses that almost all have to do with string theory: strings of energy in different "dimensional" configurations; like one dimension, two dimension (planer), etc..."; these little strings vibrate, kind of like a standing wave and intercede and connect into our dimension: think of a plane with limited dimensions on the x & y, then imagine a line intersecting in two spots--one coming "up" the other going "down", but the second connection BARELY hits the plane.

On our end we see a photon that appears to act like a particle and wave in whichever situation it's facing.Normally it may only act like a wave the first spot, but since the energy of this photon is a gamma ray (increased energy) it caused the string to vibrate more forcefully. Thus, connecting it to our "planer" observable space-time. But, when the energy decreases, the photon's string is pulled back and all of a sudden it only displays one of the two characteristics. Baryonic matter works the same way in String Theory, but requires VERY hard math to solve the discrepancies (one of the reasons some people hate it as it isn't a so called "elegant solution"; everything we've seen so far, while hard to grasp initially--tends to, "so far", work out to be very easy solutions).

However, string theory has described many things we have found out in the particle world very well. Another idea (which is more elegant and to me, the presence of "e" in it is very, intriguing) is E8 Symmetry. It's also a mathematical solution, so don't expect too much straight forward dialogue in it's definition. However, remember that Euler's number/The "Natural" number, "e", is related to a great many things already present in everyday life and the formation of almost everything from: you neural pathways, your circulatory system, clouds, trees/plants, sea shells, galaxies, fractals, and much much more...

What I need to know his how baryonic matter would react given a scenario were everything is ripped apart. Specifically, it's quantum mechanical reactions. Does it go into a "quantum critical state" (a fancy way of saying "pseudo"-superposition), as in this state it would still behave in a quantum mechanical way according to superposition. This leads to the last question. If it does enter superposition, is it possible that it may become "uncoupled, disassociated, or dis-entangled" from other matter, even non-baryonic matter like dark matter.

Anyway, just a bit more for what I wrote. More of me, thinking aloud, as I've read a lot about entanglement and superposition, but in this scenario I'd mot likely need an expert to think about it and give me an answer. Math will most likely be useless till we have some hard information on it; right now it's just pure observation. Then you may be able to commit yourself to some math that would show (or at least predict) what most likely would occur.

Another long ponderment! I'm keeping that word so screw you Merriam-Webster!

X-Rays are extremely high energy Photons which have enough energy to pass through dense material(as with Gamma rays), this allows most X-Rays to pass through the body, with extra dense part(bones etc) to absorb them.

I'm not sure how this relates in terms of the Energy Gap though; you should e-mail such questions to sixtysymbols@hotmail.co.uk and I'm sure Brady will pass them on to the Professors.

A ton of other videos can be found at www.sixtysymbols.com too, and chemistry based videos are also found at http://www.periodicvideos.com/

All answers are given by staff at The University of Nottingham (UK), I'm a student there and have been(and still currently being) taught by most of the people in these Physics videos and it's great seeing people so amazed by some of the stuff they say in their videos, their lectures are always as good too!

>> ^bamdrew:

hey, lets talk about x-rays!
skin is boring; I want to see skeletons!

Disclaimer: I don't claim to be an authority on the topic, I just thought I'd share my musings for any who may be interested

I'm extremely surprised that none of the physicist could give a remotely satisfactory answer to the beam-hand interaction question. I realise that the energies involved are extreme so weird things may happen and they obviously specialise in more fundamental aspects of the physics but I would have expected all of them to know at least a little bit about the physics of interactions between charged particle radiation beams with solid objects or water.

I only learnt a bit about proton beam therapy used in radiation oncology during my Masters in Medical Physics, and I'll admit I've forgotten a lot of it and can't remember all the calculations or parameters involved, but it seems to me like this would be a similar although perhaps more extreme case. Ultimately you would be receiving some dose of ionising radiation, the amount would depend on various things.

As solid as our hand appears to be it is still mostly empty space on an atomic scale, and there is a very high likelihood that protons in the beam will not collide with anything as they pass through. This is particularly true at very high energies, I forget exactly why... either due to momentum or the time spent in close enough proximity with atomic nuclei or something, but protons interact relatively weakly until they lose enough energy through the few interactions that do occur, at which point the likelihood of further interactions rises exponentially dumping all the remaining energy very rapidly. It is interesting to note here that at medically relevant energies 100-200Mev (17-35 thousand times lower than the LHC) this energy dump requires between 5 and 20cm tissue for the initial slow down to take place before the beams slow enough to dump the bulk of their energy. Your hand is at most a few centimetres thick and barely sufficient enough to do this at 100MeV let alone 3.5TeV. Graph which illustrates this.

Anyway, energy from the beam would be deposited due to some deflections and collisions and result in ionisation of some atoms either directly by collisions or indirectly by xray/gamma rays produced in the interactions. The few direct collisions between protons in the beam and atomic nuclei would also likely result in exotic particles and radiation further contributing to the dose you receive.

Other things to consider are whether the protons that shoot through your hand are still following sensible enough trajectories for the LHC to bend them around for another pass. At near light speeds they would be shooting around the LHC many thousands of times per second so even if the chances of interactions occuring in your hand are slim, each proton that manages to make another pass rather than shoot off on a random path that takes it out of the LHC, will have many opportunities to interact and deposit energy.

So depending on just how many protons are in the beam, and how much energy they dump into your hand, the effect could be anywhere from increased chance of cancer to a radiation burn of some sort if not a hole in your hand (although I suspect that most extreme scenario is unlikely).

All of this assumes my understanding isn't completely void at the energies involved which, if it is, may explain why the physicists didn't mention any of this.

Featured Games:
00:15 8bit killer
00:18 10800 Zombies
00:20 A Game With A Kitty 2
00:23 a7x
00:25 Absolute Blue
00:28 Action Fist
00:30 Ainevoltas 2
00:33 Akuji The Demon
00:35 Alien Abduction
00:38 Alien Assault
00:40 Alien Breed Obliteration
00:43 Alien Deathmatch 2
00:45 An Untitled Story
00:48 Anamaton
00:50 Ancient Ants Adventure
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05:03 Love+
05:05 Lunaria
05:08 Lyle in Cube Sector
05:10 Madness Reloaded
05:13 Meatboy
05:15 Mechatron: 2154
05:18 Mega Man 7-FC
05:20 Merry Gear Solid 2
05:23 Microbes
05:25 Millenipede
05:28 Mission Extreme
05:30 Mogura 2
05:33 Mono
05:35 Mr. Kittys Quest
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05:40 muon
05:43 Mystical Ninji DX
05:45 N
05:48 NAAC
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06:03 Ninja Rush
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06:18 Pacz! - Pacmanworlds 2
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06:28 Plasma Warrior
06:30 Poing
06:33 Polarity
06:35 Project F-60
06:38 Prototype 1
06:40 Prototype 2
06:43 Protozoa
06:45 Pteroglider
06:48 Purple
06:50 Push Push Penguin
06:53 Q-Lat 3
06:55 Railroad Rampage
06:58 Rainbow Wars
07:00 Rayhound
07:03 Remaddening
07:05 Rescue The Beagles
07:08 Retrobattle
07:10 Return to Sector 9
07:13 Robbie Swifthand
07:15 Runman Race Around The World
07:18 Saintrooper
07:20 Seiklus
07:23 Self Destruct
07:25 Shotgun Fun Fun
07:28 Shotgun Ninja
07:30 Sim War 5
07:33 Skullpogo
07:35 Soldat
07:38 Space Barnacle
07:40 Special Agent
07:43 Spelunky
07:45 Squid And Let Die
07:48 Squish
07:50 Star Guard
07:53 Strange Attractors
07:55 Streambolt
07:58 Streambolt Desero
08:00 Streets Of Rage Remake
08:03 SUAVE
08:05 Super Mario Bros Crossover
08:08 Super Mario Bros X
08:10 Super Mario War
08:13 Super Obliteration
08:15 Super Stun n Run
08:18 super vampire ninja zero
08:20 Survival Crisis Z
08:23 Swarm Racer
08:25 Synaesthete
08:28 Synchro
08:30 SYNSO 2
08:33 SYNSO championship edition
08:35 T2002
08:38 Tank Domination
08:40 Tasty Static
08:43 Teeworlds
08:45 Tekkyuuman
08:48 Tetrablocks
08:50 Tetraform
08:53 Tetripong
08:55 The Cleaner
08:58 The Hordes
09:00 The Power
09:03 Theseus
09:05 Thrust Extreme
09:08 Thrustburst
09:10 Toribash
09:13 Torque
09:15 Torus Trooper
09:18 Tower Bombarde
09:20 Treasure Tower
09:23 Trilby
09:25 troid
09:28 Tumiki Figthers
09:30 Turbopac
09:33 Typhoon 2001
09:35 Uchuusen
09:38 Umbrella Adventure
09:40 Varia
09:43 VECK
09:45 Voltorometer Recharged
09:48 Warning Forever
09:50 Western Shootout
09:53 Wire Robo
09:55 Within A Deep Forest
09:58 Wootman

The ones I've played:

Canabalt - meh
Cave Story - fantastic
Dino Run - meh
Gamma Bros - meh
Meatboy - good, infuriating
Soldat - used to be amazing, can't vouch for it today
Survival Crisis Z - fun, gets old fast
Trilby - challenging, stylish
Within a Deep Forest - classic

>> ^dag:

In my mind- the only way we're alone in the universe is if there's something that's systematically eradicating life. Galaxy-wide milion-year super gamma ray bursts, or autonomous or von Nuemann seek and destroy nanobots.


Well, there's a school of thought that suggests the logical thing to do on encountering any alien civilization is immediately to destroy it.

(click that link only if you want to be depressed and frightened)

Comment hidden because you are ignoring dag. (show it anyway)

In my mind- the only way we're alone in the universe is if there's something that's systematically eradicating life. Galaxy-wide milion-year super gamma ray bursts, or autonomous or von Nuemann seek and destroy nanobots.

They say one of the 5 big extinctions to take place on earth was from a gamma ray burst from inside our galaxy. Scary stuff if it wasn't so majorly rare.

Wow. I am very interested in gravity theory, but I could not watch this more than a third of the way through..

To me, this comes across like an argument about evolution between Creation Scientists and Intelligent Design advocates.. Most of this video is just different ways of misunderstanding gravity theory. As has been mentioned before, the concept of a black hole does not depend on the physics of a singularity.

I cannot find the video of the observed orbits of stars near the black hole at the center of the Milky Way, but this site has an animation of their orbits. This direct "dynamical evidence" goes along with the 30+ years of other evidence from radio, X-ray, gamma-ray, IR, etc.
http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ir/GC/index.php

My understanding going into this video and before reading the comments:

Everything (simplifying) radiates energy, which we visualise as a wave, and we label emitted energy as the electromagnetic spectrum.

Radio waves are just part of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) in the same way as light is. They just have a certain frequency (or wavelength). For different ranges of frequencies of the EMS, you get different types of rays as we know it. Gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays, visible light, infrared, microwave, and finally radio waves. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and radio waves have the longest wavelength. They are all the exact same thing.

The longer the wavelength, the less energy the wave has and thus shorter wavelength = higher energy.

So for example, the sun. The sun is extremely hot and so emits a LOT of energy and so produces very high energy emissions including (amongst other things) light waves, which we can see with our eyes.

Saturn however is very cold and so the energy it emits is very low, meaning that it emits low frequency waves. The lowest frequency waves are what we refer to as radio waves.

So feed those radio waves into your average radio. The radio uses various algorithms and stuff to decode the signal that it recieves (a radio wave) into sound (another type of wave, unrelated and dissimilar), that we detect with our ears. The algorithms will do what they do and we get what you hear here.

-------

That's what i think, anyway. Dunno HOW the waves are produced, but the previous comment seems a reasonable source. I'll ask my dad tomorrow and let you know.

This is very similar to what I mentioned here... Only I remember it being more boops and bleeps, but that may have just been disc 1.

More info on the CDs.



>> ^dag:
What causes all the radio signals from gas giants?


Due to the immense pressure of gravity, atoms bounce around and knock into each other and cause bursts of energy to be released in the form of photons. The energy in question can lie anywhere along the spectroscopic band depending on the frequency in which the wave is generated; visible light, gamma, microwave, radio, etc. In this case, it's radio.


How are they translated from radio into sound? Is it kind of an arbitrary sampling where they pick a range?


I'm going to assume that if you take the energy wave or "signature" and transpose it higher up on the band, to the realm of audible sound (by pushing that wave through a medium of air, rather than radio waves through the vacuum of space), you get the sound. The CD's I have really don't give an adequate explanation as to how they create the sound, but I have to assume it's the same principle which powers radio on Earth; the energy wave is broadcast out, and receivers/speakers translate the signal to a different medium.

That's beautiful. We, too, are a barred galaxy, if I'm not mistaken; living in a little cul de sac out in one of the arms.



I did a little Google math - 2.75876539 × 10²⁰ miles away. Or so.

I'm going to hazard a guess on the star to the upper left: Gamma Ursae Majoris.

1) WTF Starbuck was when she returned.

I think this was attempt to be faithful to original series and the Crystal Ship. I think she is either related to "God" ala Baltar/Six Angels and/or like the Crystal Six person that appears to Starbuck in that one episode with the pregnant woman/test and the Scilon that he becomes a buddy with.

2) Why was Starbuck repeatedly called the harbinger of death if she actually sent everyone to this lush green planet to repopulate humanity?

This is a much passed around mistake. I think she was only called harbinger of apocalypse. Which does not mean death, but change / rebirth.

3) Was Starbuck's father really Daniel, the last Cylon "child" created by the final five? If so, was her mother human? How did they successfully breed?

Ron Moore was clear about this in some podcast (or so I've read). Daniel was just that, killed by jealous super evil Cavil. Starbuck was not cylon ever. Also the dead/reborn Starbuck could have seen her father/piano man just like the Baltar/Six visages.

----
The only minorly interesting thing about the cop-out ending with "Eve" and crap is that Cylon DNA is literally built into the human nature and could explain how similar humans end up making the same Cylons eventually. It's like secret code waiting to be expressed. Of course the whole concept of Centurions makes zero sense then. I still don't understand why they were cludged into this TV show once skinjobs introduced.

Major plot flaw is that Cavils etc. know they have all the time in the world. Even if they felt tricked or double crossed they would not blow up ship containing Hera. That would be suicide for their race. Plus they downloaded half of the "stream" isn't that a good start? It's still not clear why the people who invented Resurrection could never recreate it. Did it really take all five of them? Also, how did they ever build the one Resurrection ship then? Could they never repair it or study it? What if it got hit by a random gamma burst or something.

I still can't understand.. How did Saul grow old? How did Cavil wipe memories and insert them five like 50 years prior to nuking planet. They clearly could make more clones of themselves even if there is no resurrection, can't they just go clone crazy and share their thoughts anyways??

Also, what would never happen is sending fleet into sun. Also, no scilons would choose to live on Earth, especially if they all have to split up. And I guarantee one captain would keep crazy weapons stash and technology to be supreme ruler of the new Earth. Besides most of these small groups of people would be killed by tribals in no time. I just can't see giving up all your medicine and stuff like that. It's lame throwback to M. Night movie.

I wouldn't worry about it.

I did a search for Delta Chi Gamma and couldn't really find anything, so maybe it's some arcane sub-chapter thing.

Cool video, though.

In reply to this comment by residue:
you know, i wondered about that. It's definitely what they hold up at the end.. I just put up the frat that was listed at the bottom during the start. I'll add it to the tags

In reply to this comment by rougy:
I think that's Delta Chi Gamma.