What Scientific Concept Would Improve Everybody’s Cognitive Toolkit?
The term 'scientific"is to be understood in a broad sense as the most reliable way of gaining knowledge about anything, whether it be the human spirit, the role of great people in history, or the structure of DNA. A "scientific concept" may come from philosophy, logic, economics, jurisprudence, or other analytic enterprises, as long as it is a rigorous conceptual tool that may be summed up succinctly (or "in a phrase") but has broad application to understanding the world.

[Thanks to Steven Pinker for suggesting this year's Edge Question and to Daniel Kahneman for advice on its presentation.]

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Here are some of the answers of some of the top minds in the world!
http://edge.org/responses/what-scientific-concept-would-improve-everybodys-cognitive-toolkit