Why were climate models so wrong about 2023? Neil deGrasse Tyson learns about why 2023 was hotter than we expected it to be and what effects need to be factored into future climate modeling with climatologist at NASA Goddard Institute, Gavin Schmidt.

The issue of aerosols blocking some solar radiation is known as global dimming. It is glaringly absent in most climate models despite being responsible for as much as 1.5 C of cooling effects.

Even the best climate models have many holes because we don’t understand all the processes that effect the climate, but it’s criminally negligent to not include processes we do understand in the calculus, especially processes that have such massive effects. Ignoring these influences has led to underestimating the speed of global average temperature rise.